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Modern science is increasingly caught between the need for medical breakthroughs and the ethical cost of vivisection. Organizations are now focusing on "The 3 Rs": Replacement (using non-animal models), Reduction (using fewer animals), and Refinement (minimizing pain).
Shifting cultural perspectives to foster empathy from a young age. Conclusion Modern science is increasingly caught between the need
At their core, both movements aim to reduce animal suffering, but they diverge on the "how" and "why." Reduction (using fewer animals)
The first modern animal protection laws, like the UK's "Martin’s Act" of 1822, focused on preventing overt physical abuse of cattle. Modern science is increasingly caught between the need

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